SARNATH

DHAMEK STUPA

The Iconic Landmark of Sarnath. The Dhamek Stupa is the most prominent and well-preserved structure in Sarnath. Constructed during the Mauryan Empire by Emperor Ashoka in 249 BCE, it marks the site where Buddha delivered his first sermon, known as the "Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta" (Setting the Wheel of Dharma in Motion).

Architectural Significance: The stupa is a massive cylindrical structure, standing 43.6 meters tall and 28 meters in diameter. It is made of brick and stone, with intricate carvings of geometric patterns, floral designs, and inscriptions in Brahmi script on its lower section.The stupa’s simplicity and grandeur symbolize the essence of Buddhist teachings—humility and enlightenment.The Dhamek Stupa is surrounded by lush gardens, providing a serene environment for meditation and reflection.

CHAUKHANDI STUPA

Another important monument in Sarnath is the Chaukhandi Stupa, which marks the spot where Buddha met his first five disciples. Originally built as a simple brick structure during the Gupta period (4th–6th century CE), it was later modified by Mughal emperor Akbar in the 16th century, who added an octagonal tower to commemorate his father, Humayun’s visit to Sarnath.

Sarnath is home to numerous Buddhist temples built by followers from different countries, reflecting the global reach of Buddhism. These temples are unique in their architecture and offer insight into the cultural influences of various nations.

BUDDHIST TEMPLE IN SARNATH

THE MULA GANDHA KUTI VIHAR

A Modern Buddhist Temple in the Heart of Sarnath: The Mulagandhakuti Vihara is a renowned Buddhist temple located in Sarnath, near Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. This peaceful and spiritually significant site is a key destination for Buddhist pilgrims and tourists from around the world.

Historical Background: The Mulagandhakuti Vihara was constructed in 1931 by the Maha Bodhi Society of India, under the guidance of Anagarika Dharmapala, a key figure in the revival of Buddhism in India. It is believed to be located near the site of the original hut (vihara) where Lord Buddha resided during his visits to Sarnath, after delivering his first sermon.

Architectural Features: The present-day temple is built in a modern architectural style with elements that reflect traditional Buddhist aesthetics. The temple features beautiful frescoes and murals inside, which were painted by the famous Japanese artist Kosetsu Nosu. These paintings depict scenes from the life of Buddha and are admired for their artistic and spiritual depth. Outside the temple stands a tall Bodhi Tree, grown from a sapling of the sacred Bodhi Tree in Bodh Gaya, under which Buddha attained enlightenment.

Spiritual Importance: The temple serves as a center for Buddhist prayers, meditation, and study. It is especially significant during Buddha Purnima, when thousands of devotees visit to participate in rituals and celebrations.

Built in traditional Thai architectural style, this temple features a golden statue of Buddha seated in a meditative posture. The surrounding gardens are meticulously maintained, offering a peaceful environment for visitors.

THE THAI TEMPLE (WAT THAI TEMPLE)

THE TIBETAN TEMPLE

This temple, built by Tibetan Buddhists, features a striking statue of Buddha and vibrant Tibetan murals depicting scenes from Buddhist scriptures. Prayer wheels line the walls of the temple, which devotees spin while chanting mantras.

THE JAPANESE TEMPLE (NIPPON ZAN MYOHOJI EMPLE)

Constructed by Japanese Buddhists, this temple is adorned with minimalist architecture and houses a serene statue of Buddha. It emphasizes simplicity and tranquility, in line with Japanese Zen Buddhist traditions.

THE CHINESE TEMPLE

Showcasing traditional Chinese architectural elements, this temple highlights the influence of Buddhism in China. It houses an intricately carved Buddha statue and paintings depicting the life of Buddha.

Historical Significance: The museum was built to preserve and showcase the excavated artifacts from the ancient monastic site of Sarnath, which dates back to the 3rd century BCE. It houses a vast collection of Buddhist, Hindu, and Jain sculptures, inscriptions, and relics from the Mauryan, Kushana, Gupta, and post-Gupta periods.

Key Attractions: Lion Capital of Ashoka: The highlight of the museum is the original Ashokan Lion Capital, dating back to 250 BCE. It features four lions standing back-to-back and has been adopted as the National Emblem of India.

Buddha Statues: The museum showcases various elegant statues of Lord Buddha in different mudras (postures), especially the Dharmachakra Pravartan Mudra, symbolizing his first sermon.

Toranas and Railings: Fragments of the decorative gateways and railings from the ancient stupas of Sarnath are also displayed.

Inscriptions & Coins: Numerous Brahmi inscriptions, ancient seals, and coins shed light on the historical and religious significance of the region.

Architecture: The museum building is constructed in an Indian monastic style with five galleries and two verandas, designed to harmonize with the nearby ruins.

SARNATH ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUM – A Treasure Trove of Buddhist Heritage

The Sarnath Archaeological Museum, located near Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh, is India’s oldest site museum, established in 1910 by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI). It stands near the historic site of Sarnath, where Lord Buddha delivered his first sermon after attaining enlightenment.

Spiritual and Historical Significance of Sarnath: Sarnath holds a unique place in Buddhist tradition as the site where the Sangha (Buddhist monastic community) was established. The teachings delivered here by Buddha—centered on the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path—form the foundation of Buddhist philosophy.

Emperor Ashoka’s patronage of Sarnath in the 3rd century BCE played a pivotal role in spreading Buddhism across India and beyond. The construction of stupas, monasteries, and inscriptions here reflects his devotion to the Dharma and his vision of a just and peaceful society.

Conclusion: Sarnath is a treasure trove of history, spirituality, and cultural diversity. The Dhamek Stupa, the Mulagandha Kuti Vihar, and the various international Buddhist temples stand as a testament to the enduring legacy of Lord Buddha’s teachings. Whether you are a devout Buddhist, a history enthusiast, or a curious traveler, Sarnath offers a profound experience that transcends time and borders.

Tips for Visitors: Wear comfortable footwear, as you may need to walk extensively to explore the site. Maintain silence and respect the sanctity of the temples and stupas. Carry water and light snacks, especially if you plan to spend the entire day. Hiring a local guide can enhance your understanding of the historical and spiritual significance of the site.

Best Time to Visit: The best time to visit Sarnath is during the winter months (October to March) when the weather is pleasant for outdoor exploration.

Visiting Timings and Tips:

Sarnath Archaeological Site: 6:00 AM to 6:00 PM

Sarnath Archaeological Museum: 10:00 AM to 5:00 PM (Closed on Fridays)

Buddhist Temples: Typically open from 6:00 AM to 7:00 PM